ABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare the measurement accuracy of two⁃dimensional (2D) photography and three⁃di⁃mensional (3D) photography in the analysis of the asymmetric appearance of children with cleft lip and palate and the influence of the severity of asymmetric deformity on the accuracy of facial measurement to guide clinical measurement work@* Methods@#Children with unilateral cleft lip were enrolled in this prospective study. Seven parameters⁃⁃the devia⁃tion of the pronasale, subnasale, and labrale superius, as well as the cleft/noncleft ratio of the width of nostrils, length and height of lateral lips and height of columella⁃were measured with Vernier calipers as the gold standard. Traditional 2D photography and 3D stereophotogrammetry photos were taken and measured. The extent of cleft malformation is indi⁃cated by the ratio of the cleft side to the noncleft side. The error size is represented by the ratio difference between two⁃dimensional photography or stereophotogrammetry with the ratio of the gold standard@* Results@#Thirteen patients were eventually recruited. The measurement results of the ratio of lateral lip height by 2D photography tended to be larger (P＝0.019), and the measurement results of the ratio of columella height tended to be smaller (P＝0.008). The measure⁃ment results of the deviation of the subnasale by stereophotogrammetry tended to be smaller (P＝0.003). The pronasale deviation (P＝0.022) with two⁃dimensional photography, the deviation of the labrale superius (P＝0.025) and the ratio of lateral lip length (P＝0.036) with stereophotogrammetry had a significant negative correlation with the extent of cleft malformation@* Conclusion@#Both two⁃dimensional photography and stereophotogrammetry have errors and biases that underexaggerate or overexaggerate the extent of cleft malformation, and some errors may increase with the decrease in the extent of cleft malformation. When applying two⁃dimensional and three⁃dimensional photography to analyze cleft lip and palate deformities, these biases should be considered to evaluate the face more objectively
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Yingying, Email: yywdentist@163.com, Tel: 86⁃28⁃85503579 【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on the regulation of bone metabolism in a high⁃glucose environment and to provide evidence for the possible regulatory mechanism of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on osteoblasts in a high⁃glu⁃ cose environment.@* Methods@#The osteoblast cell line MC3T3⁃E1 was cultured in 3 groups: ① control group, cultured in low⁃glucose (5.5 mmol/L) DMEM; ② high⁃glucose group: cultured in high⁃glucose (22 mmol/L) DMEM; ③ high⁃glu⁃ cose +1,25(OH) 2 D 3 group: high⁃glucose DMEM + 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 medium culture. The CCK⁃8 method was used to detect cell proliferation in each group; Annexin V and FITC apoptosis kits were used to detect apoptosis; Alizarin red was used to semiquantitatively analyze cell differentiation; qRT⁃PCR was used to detect forkhead transcription factor⁃1 (forkhead transcription factor 1, FoxO1) mRNA expression. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the changes in FoxO1 pro⁃ tein expression and its relative position in the nucleus.@* Results@#ence was used to observe the changes in FoxO1 pro⁃ tein expression and its relative position in the nucleus. Results Our analysis showed that compared with those in the control group, the osteoblast apoptosis and proliferation in the high⁃glucose group were improved, while differentiation was inhibited (P < 0.05); at the same time, the mRNA expression of FoxO1(P = 0.006) was reduced. The immunofluores⁃ cence results showed that more FoxO1 was inside the nucleus (P < 0.001). Compared with those in the high⁃glucose group, excessive proliferation was inhibited, apoptosis was reduced, and osteogenic differentiation was improved in the high⁃glucose +1,25(OH) 2 D 3 group (P < 0.05); furthermore, FoxO1 mRNA was decreased (P = 0.006), and the transfer of FoxO1 protein was blocked (P < 0.001).@* Conclusion @#re, FoxO1 mRNA was decreased (P = 0.006), and the transfer of FoxO1 protein was blocked (P < 0.001). Conclusion We found that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 may prevent the transfer of FoxO1 to the cell nucleus, inhibit the abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts in a high⁃glucose environment, and re⁃ verse the inhibitory effect of high glucose on the differentiation of osteoblasts.